Page 5 - MOH Supply and Needs-Based Requirement Hyperlink 02032021

iv EXTENDED EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CONTENT

CONTENT iv
LIST OF TABLE v
LIST OF FIGURE vi
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Human Resource for Health Projections 3
1.2 Training, Role and Key Facts of Human Resource for Health 7
1.2.1 Doctor 7
1.2.2 Dentist 9
1.2.3 Pharmacist 10
1.2.4 Nurse 12
1.2.5 Assistant Medical Officer (AMO) 13
2. MODELLING AND PROJECTION METHODOLOGY 15
2.1 The HRH Workforce Supply Modelling: The In-and-Out Flows Approach 18
2.2 HRH Requirement Modelling: The Needs-based Approach 19
2.2.1. Need-based Approach 20
2.2.2 Service Demand Approach 20
2.3 Supply and Requirement Gap Analysis 20
2.4 Application of System Dynamics Approach in HRH Workforce Modelling 20
2.4.1 The Supply Model 23
2.4.2 The Requirement Model 27
2.5 Data used in HRH Projection Modelling 36
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 39
3.1 DOCTOR 41
3.1.1 Doctor Supply Projection 41
3.1.2 Doctor Requirement Projection 42
3.1.3 Gap Analysis 43
3.1.4 Comparison with selected high-income countries 46
3.2 DENTIST 48
3.2.1 Dentist Supply Projection 48
3.2.2 Dentist Requirement Projection 49
3.2.3 Gap Analysis 50
3.3.4 Comparison with selected high-income countries 52
3.3 PHARMACIST 54
3.3.1 Pharmacist Supply Projection 54
3.3.2 Pharmacist Requirement Projection 55
3.3.3 Gap Analysis 56
3.3.4 Comparison with selected high-income countries 58
3.4 NURSE 60
3.4.1 Nurse Supply Projection 60
3.4.2 Nurse Requirement Projection 62
3.4.3 Gap Analysis 63
3.4.4 Comparison with selected high-income countries 66
3.5 ASSISTANT MEDICAL OFFICER (AMO) 67
3.5.1 AMO Supply Projection 67
3.5.2 AMO Requirement Projection 68
3.5.3 Gap Analysis 69
4. LIMITATION 75
5. CONCLUSION 77
5.1 Meeting Population Health Care Requirement 78
5.2 Addressing Shortages and Potential Oversupply 78
5.3 Data Availability 79
5.4 Addressing Task-Sharing and Task Reallocation 79
5.5 Addressing Basic Education 80
5.6 Human Resource for Health Projections Study 80
REFERENCES 81
GLOSSARY 84
LIST OF RESEARCHERS, CONTRIBUTORS AND AUTHORS 86

SUPPLY AND NEEDS-BASED REQUIREMENT PROJECTIONS OF MALAYSIAN HUMAN
RESOURCES FOR HEALTH USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH 2016 - 2030